Share the QR code with wechat scanning code < / P > < p > to friends and circles of friends < / P > < p > from December 17 to 18, 2021 Netease future conference was grandly held. The two-day conference will share more wisdom and inspiration in the six forums of force awakening, future city, national tide, boundless inspiration, culture and meta universe < p > at the conference, he Kebin, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering, President of the Institute of carbon neutralization of Tsinghua University, Professor of the school of environment and deputy director of the national ecological and environmental protection expert committee, delivered a keynote speech on the opportunities and challenges of "double carbon", focusing on the challenges and necessity of China's realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization at the present stage, as well as the challenges and opportunities in the future, Shared in detail < p > he Kebin said that at present, more than 130 countries in the world have comprehensively proposed carbon neutralization targets, and these countries account for 73% of the world's GDP. As a representative, China is facing the great challenge of "three high and one short" in order to achieve carbon neutralization. However, in today's general trend of the world economy from resource dependence to technology dependence, it is imperative for China to actively promote the "double carbon" work. In fact, in order to achieve carbon neutrality, China has comprehensive advantages over western countries in some technologies. More importantly, achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutralization has multi-level strategic significance for China. Among them, the improvement of ecological environment will become an important driver of China's ecological civilization construction < p > he Kebin pointed out that the key to achieving carbon neutrality is scientific and technological innovation and focusing on talent training. If the key word supporting China's rapid development in the past 40 years is reform and opening up, the key word promoting China's sustainable development in the next 40 years is likely to be double carbon action. Looking forward to the future, opportunities and challenges coexist, which is worth looking forward to, but people need more hard work < p > in order to cope with global climate change, the world, including China, as a responsible big country, is actively taking action. "Double carbon" action is a truly global action. By the end of last year, more than 130 countries around the world had committed to put forward the goal of carbon neutrality. Together, these countries accounted for 73% of global carbon dioxide emissions and 70% of global GDP < p > China faces great challenges to fully achieve the 3060 goal, which can be summarized as three high and one short: first, the current energy structure is a typical high-carbon energy structure in the world. The proportion of fossil energy in total energy and the proportion of coal in fossil energy are the highest among the major energy consuming countries in the world. Second, the high-carbon industrial structure. Due to the stage of China's socio-economic development and its position in the global industrial chain, the recognized high-carbon industry accounts for a very high proportion in the world. Third, we are still in the stage of medium and high-speed industrialization and urbanization, and incremental factors exist to a large extent. Fourth, it is only 30 years from reaching the peak to neutralization, which is significantly shorter than 70 years in Europe and 45-50 years in the United States, which is a very huge challenge < p > Why are we determined to do such a big challenge < p > including the recent meeting of States parties in Glasgow, climate compliance is an important factor, followed by two very important factors. First, a new round of worldwide industrial competition, "double carbon" action will gradually promote the world economy from resource dependence to technology dependence, which is a very important factor that has a great impact on the future < p > according to the analysis made by the International Energy Agency, when the global "double carbon" goal is realized in the future and the energy structure is changed from fossil energy to scenery, the total amount of energy resources available in the world with scenery as the main body is sufficient. The challenge we often talked about in the past is that the resource constraints of insufficient fossil energy will be gradually lifted < p > Second, the uniformity of new energy distribution is much higher than that of traditional fossil energy. The top five countries in global reserves account for 75% of global coal reserves, 62% of oil reserves and 67% of natural gas reserves. The spatial distribution is extremely uneven. The distribution of global scenery energy resources is also uneven, but it is absolutely impossible to find that five countries account for two-thirds or even three-quarters. Each country has the opportunity to use scenery resources to varying degrees, and the degree of utilization will depend more on the level of technological development. The transformation from resource dependence to technology dependence is a very important factor for the future world economy < p > the whole world has seen this. Starting from climate compliance, a new round of industrial competition will be arranged through double carbon action. The EU's green new deal comprehensively arranges the important areas of technology R & D in the next round of industrial competition from the perspective of carbon reduction in industrial and transportation energy construction and carbon sink in agricultural ecological environment < p > the United States has proposed five zero, zero carbon power, zero carbon transportation, zero emission vehicles, zero waste manufacturing and zero carbon buildings to support the full realization of the "five zeros" goal through the layout of six technical fields < p > the focus of industrial competitive technology is zero carbon energy technology. For example, through years of accumulation, our country occupies some comprehensive advantages in the utilization of scenery resources at this stage. Our photovoltaic power generation cost is 20% lower than that of the United States and 27% lower than that of the European Union. The U.S. Department of energy proposed that the comprehensive cost of photovoltaic in the United States will be reduced by 60% in the next decade, which is one of the factors as the focus of competition < p > for another example, at this stage, our comprehensive cost of green hydrogen also has global advantages, 30% lower than that of the United States and 50% lower than that of Europe. The United States aims to reduce it by 80% to the order of one dollar in the next decade, which is also the focus of zero carbon technology competition < p > in addition, the United Kingdom, South Korea, South Africa and Japan are all laying out a new round of technological innovation action plans to break through resource dependence, move towards technology dependence and occupy the highland of technological innovation first. In particular, Japan announced the layout of industrial innovation in 14 fields by 2030 in the first half of this year. At the same time, these 14 fields will be further adjusted by the cycle from 2030 to 2050. Energy related industries, transportation, manufacturing, construction, offshore wind power, ammonia combustion, hydrogen energy, car electrification, large vehicles, including ships, electric ships, hybrid aircraft and hydrogen powered aircraft in the aviation industry are further promoted < p > for the developing countries in the world represented by China, their development stage is not only the "double carbon" action, but also many ecological and environmental problems have not been completely solved. The double challenges of carbon pollution are what all developing countries need to face together in the future development of the world. "Double carbon" line ?
2023-03-22 10:04:48