Share with friends and circle of friends with wechat scan QR code < / P > < p > < / P > < p > 21 Financial app Zheng Qingting Beijing report < / P > < p > < br / > < / P > < p > on March 1, local time, Microsoft founder Bill Gates was in Cambridge < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90 "> he has invested about US $2 billion in the development of clean technologies and is optimistic about the development potential of green hydrogen, carbon capture and other technologies. It is expected that there will be a lot of surprising technological progress in the next 10 years. The premium for electric vehicles will be reduced to zero and the cost of carbon capture will be reduced to less than $100 per ton. < / P > < p > this year's CERAWEEK focuses on how to achieve the global emission reduction goal, that is, to achieve zero carbon emissions by 2050. As a dialogue guest on the first day of the conference, gates shared his views on global emission reduction efforts, and introduced the green technologies he valued and invested in. < / P > < p > Gates predicted in his 2015 Ted speech that the world will face another pandemic crisis after the Ebola epidemic, which will be fulfilled in 2020. But what others may not know is that earlier in 2010, he warned in another Ted speech that climate change would bring great disaster to mankind. < / P > < p > Gates told CERAWEEK that for a long time after 2010, governments lack sufficient political will to deal with climate change. As part of the 2015 Paris Agreement, although many countries participated in the mission to innovation global initiative, they promised to double government investment in green energy innovation over the next five years and encourage the private sector to play a leading role in this regard. But it was only in recent years that governments were really willing to work out concrete plans to achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement. < / P > < p > despite this, gates still believes that the actions taken by countries are insufficient. "I only see short-term targets and pay too much attention to the parts that are easy to reduce emissions, such as passenger cars and power generation." In his view, such as cement, steel, aviation and other fields are really hard to crack, and a large number of innovative solutions are urgently needed. "People should know the real challenge of achieving net zero.". < / P > < p > Gates said cheap green hydrogen would play a significant role in energy transformation and be widely used in chemical fertilizer manufacturing, steel decarbonization and other industrial applications, but added that the so-called "green premium" would become a key factor restricting its use. Green hydrogen is a kind of renewable energy (such as wind power, hydropower, solar energy) to produce hydrogen, which has no carbon emission. < / P > < p > "green premium" is the additional cost that consumers pay to buy fuels or technologies that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Gates said this is particularly important in promoting sustainable aviation fuel and reducing emissions in industries such as cement. "Green premium is an important standard to measure the process of reducing emissions in 2050." He pointed out that the lower the green premium, the more mature the green technology is and the easier it is to be accepted and used by people. < / P > < p > gates pointed out that at present, there is a green premium in the process of emission reduction in all walks of life. For example, buying and driving electric vehicles will be more expensive than ordinary cars. However, with the expansion of production scale and the introduction of incentive measures, "in the next 10 to 15 years, the green premium may drop to zero, and the government will require everyone to use electric vehicles at that time.". General motors of the United States has announced that it will stop production of all fuel vehicles in 2035 and turn to the manufacture of pure electric vehicles. < / P > < p > recently, Gates also said in an interview that he hopes to work more with Amazon founder Jeff Bezos to support the expensive early green alternative technology. He said that when the price of these new technologies is too high for ordinary consumers or the government, rich people like them can use their money to stimulate demand and reduce the price to a level that everyone can afford. < / P > < p > < strong > Gates' clean technology layout < / strong > < / P > < p > capital investment plays a crucial role in the development of green industry. Gates pointed out that in the whole innovation process, from R & D to verification, early deployment to large-scale deployment, all links need a lot of capital. In the early stage, it is mainly government investment, and in the later stage, it needs a lot of enterprise capital, even government subsidies. "You need someone to buy these green products, even if they're more expensive." He said that his original intention of setting up the "breakthrough energy" venture capital fund is to provide support in the development of green technology at all stages. < / P > < p > in 2015, Bill Gates led the creation of the "breakthrough energy" venture capital fund to support the development of new energy innovation technology. Other investors in the fund include Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, Viking founder Richard Branson, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, LinkedIn founder reed Hoffman, Bloomberg founder Michael Bloomberg and Alibaba founder Jack Ma. At present, the fund has completed two rounds of raising $1 billion each. < / P > < p > Gates said he has invested about $2 billion in clean technology, with some successful start-ups, such as quantum scape, a solid-state battery company, while others have long gone bankrupt. In November last year, quantumscape went public in the form of SPAC (Special Purpose Acquisition company) through the acquisition of Kensington capital. The company is developing lithium-ion battery technology and has received $300 million from Volkswagen. According to gates, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUs) is the key to negative carbon technology. If we can not eliminate carbon emissions from the source, then we must reduce carbon in an indirect way. He said that the direct air capture system developed by climeworks in Switzerland can store carbon dioxide underground, but the problem is that it is expensive and the cost of carbon removal per ton is as high as $600. < / P > < p > in his view, in the future, the cost of carbon capture needs to be reduced to at least $100 in order to be widely used, which is possible in ten years. Carbon engineering, a Canadian energy company invested by gates, has proved this possibility in theory. It is cooperating with oil giants such as western oil companies. < / P > < p > gates calculated such an account: there are 51 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the world every year, assuming that the cost of carbon capture can be reduced to $100, then the cost of carbon capture in a year is $5 trillion. With the development of green technology, if the green premium can be reduced by 95%, it means that the world only needs to subsidize 250 billion US dollars for emission reduction every year, "it becomes feasible.".

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2023-03-22 10:04:29