Tesla involved in power exchange? The relevant person in charge denied

Use wechat scan QR code to share with friends and circle of friends tianyancha information display, < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89 "> Tesla < / a > (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. is the main operator of Tesla China, and the new business scope is" < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E6%96%B0%E8%83%BD%E6%BA%90%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6 "> sales of new energy vehicles < / a > power exchange facilities" and other projects. This means that Tesla in the Chinese market has been qualified to launch its own model power replacement service package, or to sell new energy vehicle power replacement facilities to other third-party organizations. However, the relevant person in charge of Tesla told reporters: "Tesla will not change the power." (Beijing business daily) related reading: musk bet on "cobalt free high nickel" battery, expert: cobalt free is the development trend Deeptech deep technology "'low cobalt 'and' cobalt free 'are the development trend of cathode materials for batteries in the future." Talking about the future development of the battery industry, Feng xuning, assistant professor of the school of vehicle and transportation, Tsinghua University and director of the battery safety laboratory, pointed out. Wu fan, doctoral supervisor of Institute of physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and chief scientist of Tianmuhu advanced energy storage technology research institute, also expressed the same view: "for cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries," high nickel and low cobalt "or" cobalt free "is the general trend." in the past 20 years, the semiconductor industry has developed by leaps and bounds. For example, CPU technology has always followed Moore's law, and its performance can double every two years. however, the battery technology has not made much breakthrough. Even though there are all kinds of news about "XX new battery" every year, it is finally reduced to "ppt battery": either because of the technology, or because of the cost, or because of the safety and other factors, it is difficult to go out of the laboratory, and it is difficult to mass produce and popularize. at this stage, no matter how bold the new energy industry is, batteries have always been a stumbling block in the development of electric vehicles. New energy vehicles (source: pixabay) holding high the banner of "cobalt free", musk enters the battery industry with the official appearance of 4680 battery on Tesla's "battery day" in 2020, there is another "new player" in the battery industry, more precisely, a "troublemaker". According to Musk's previous "style", every time he enters an industry, he will set off a bloodbath. batteries account for the majority of the cost of the whole vehicle. How can Tesla control the cost of making batteries next? This has to mention the important component of the battery - cobalt. This kind of metal with 27 atomic number, which is located in the fourth cycle and the eighth group in the periodic table of chemical elements, is an indispensable cathode material (at least at present). The position of cobalt in the periodic table (source: Network) "the battery industry has the largest consumption of cobalt, accounting for more than 50%. Cobalt is an active substance, which can not only stabilize the layered structure of the material, but also reduce the mixed discharge of cations, so as to facilitate the deep discharge of the material, so as to improve the discharge capacity, circulation and rate performance of the material; nickel can improve the activity of the material and increase the energy density. " Wu Fan said. in natural ores, cobalt and nickel are symbiotic, and the proportion is 1:10, that is, one part of cobalt can be purified from the ore, and ten parts of nickel can be obtained at the same time. "But cobalt has two disadvantages. First, cobalt has certain toxicity; second, it is difficult to purify cobalt. " Feng xuning said. In addition, the lack of cobalt resources is also a disadvantage. "At present, the proven terrestrial cobalt resources in the world are about 25 million tons, and the reserves are 7.2 million tons, mainly concentrated in the Congo (DRC), Australia and Cuba, accounting for 68% of the total global reserves. Congo (DRC) has the largest reserves in the world, reaching 3.4 million tons. " Wu fan pointed out that "cobalt has become a strategic rare metal resource due to its scarcity. At the same time, its centralized and unstable supply chain structure has become a hindrance to the development of new energy vehicles." the low output and difficult purification result in the rising price of cobalt, which leads to the high cost of battery. can the battery be "cobalt free"? The answer is yes. "low cobalt" or even "cobalt free" is not only Tesla's next route, but also a difficult problem to overcome, which musk has made clear on "battery day" in 2020. It is understood that as early as January 2019, Jeff Dahn (now chief scientist of Tesla) published a paper pointing out the feasibility of "cobalt free and high nickel" as cathode materials for lithium batteries. After all, nickel is much more than cobalt in nature, and purification is relatively easy. Undoubtedly, it is Jeff Dahn's view that greatly strengthens Musk's confidence in building "cobalt free batteries". figure "Tesla battery's" cobalt free and high nickel "program (source: Tesla) referring to Jeff Dahn, Feng xuning told deeptech:" Mr. Dahn's research team has carried out research on lithium battery materials, especially cobalt free materials, for a long time. Mr. Jeff Dahn is one of the few scientists who have experienced the whole process of lithium battery technology development and are still in the forefront of technology. " for the "cobalt free" battery, Feng xuning said: "low cobalt" and "cobalt free" are the development trend of battery cathode materials in the future. However, when the battery is "cobalt free", other ions need to be added to replace the role of cobalt in the battery charging and discharging process although Tesla's battery at the present stage can not do without cobalt, looking at the past generations of batteries, its cobalt content is constantly decreasing, and the ultimate realization of "cobalt free" battery is just around the corner. As the "big brother" in the field of new energy vehicles, Tesla knows the advantages of solid-state batteries and graphene batteries. However, in the next few years, Tesla will continue to "plough" lithium-ion batteries instead of solid-state batteries and graphene batteries, mainly for two reasons. First, it is subject to the battery technology of the supplier. in terms of battery supply, Tesla has cooperated with Panasonic, LG Chemical and Ningde times. The 1865 battery and 2170 battery used by Tesla are provided by them. However, due to the balance of performance, safety, scale, price and other comprehensive factors, cylindrical lithium-ion battery is the best battery that suppliers can provide Tesla at present.

Figure 1865 and 2170 batteries used by Tesla (source: Tesla) obviously, there is still a gap between them and Tesla's "ideal battery". Since the battery suppliers they wanted could not give them, Tesla went to the road of "self-developed + self-produced" batteries. the so-called "industry has its specialty", Tesla's accumulation in the battery field is obviously not as good as Panasonic and other old suppliers, so it spent a lot of money to invite Jeff Dahn, the founder of lithium-ion battery industry, to be the chief scientist of Tesla and develop the "Impossible Triangle" Battery, which is a kind of lithium-ion battery with higher energy density, faster charging speed and lower manufacturing cost. Jeff Dahn also fulfilled his mission. After a year, he handed in a satisfactory answer to musk. Although the 4680 battery still has some shortcomings, its comprehensive performance has greatly boosted the confidence of the industry. from third-party procurement, joint venture to self-development, Tesla seems to have stepped out of its own pace on the battery road. It can be predicted that in the next few years, Tesla will continue to use the multi parallel scheme of cylindrical batteries and continue to develop large capacity lithium-ion batteries along the existing mature route. Second, Tesla's business strategy. Tesla is a car company in the final analysis. It is an enterprise that needs to make profits and control costs if it wants to make profits. Although solid-state battery is superior, there are bottlenecks in both technology and process at this stage, which makes it impossible for large-scale mass production. Moreover, the cost is high and there is no commercial practical value. In Tesla's view, the use of mature lithium-ion batteries is a better solution. figure Tesla plans to launch a $25000 electric vehicle (source: Tesla) the reason why Tesla pays so much attention to batteries is that in addition to affecting the performance of the whole vehicle, batteries account for as much as 40% of the total vehicle cost. Only when the cost of batteries is reduced can the total vehicle cost be reduced. That's why musk announced on "battery day" in 2020 that it would launch an electric vehicle of 25000 US dollars (about 160000 RMB) within three years. The reason is that the cost of 4680 battery has been reduced by 56%. Tesla's business strategy is to "grab the market at a low price" to accelerate the global market expansion. With apple and other Internet companies also announced to build cars, what Tesla wants to do at this stage is to seize the market as soon as possible, relying on low prices. For the majority of consumers, price is still the top priority among many factors. For example, when Tesla announced the price reduction, the official website was paralyzed and offline stores were packed. unlike some new energy vehicle companies in China, which are engaged in "1000 km endurance" at any cost, Tesla pays more attention to the cost of battery. There was a bottleneck in battery technology before, and then there was a siege from big Internet companies. What the company wants to do most now is to reduce the price of electric vehicles as soon as possible, occupy the market with lower prices, and make the market reach saturation quickly. industry insiders: 4680 battery did not meet expectations for Tesla 4680 battery, Wu fan expressed his view: "Tesla mainly improves the standardized production capacity of battery and achieves the purpose of reducing the cost of battery by optimizing the battery structure and simplifying the battery production process. This technical route or idea of increasing the energy density of the battery pack by increasing the volume of a single battery is essentially consistent with BYD's blade battery and the CTP technology of Ningde era. " too many batteries in parallel will lead to heating, low efficiency and other adverse effects. Large capacity batteries can effectively reduce the number of parallel, and the system management level becomes more simple. "Large capacity is the trend of the whole new energy vehicle battery industry." Feng xuning said. just look at Tesla's ppt introduction, the performance of 4680 battery is really amazing, as if once again let the industry see hope. However, in the view of the industry, this kind of battery did not meet expectations. "Tesla is a benchmarking enterprise in the field of electric vehicles, and its understanding of batteries will be more profound. Due to the high degree of attention, the public can be said to have" high hopes "for it. People in the industry think that the 4680 battery did not meet expectations." Feng xuning said. "It is undeniable that the comprehensive performance of Tesla 4680 battery still ranks first in the international echelon, but there is an attribute to be added in front - in the category of cylindrical lithium-ion battery." He then added. strictly speaking, the Tesla 4680 battery is more like an "optimization upgrade" than a "revolution". figure core structure of Tesla 4680 battery (source: Tesla) in addition, the cylindrical lithium battery capacity of Tesla also has "ceiling". "The main reason is that the cylindrical lithium battery needs to roll up the core, and the performance of the peripheral part is better, but the closer to the core, the greater the curvature, which is easy to cause the phenomenon of stress concentration, resulting in the unavailability of active substances, and then waste. So there's an upper limit to the capacity of this kind of battery. There's no way to make it very large. " Feng xuning said. In the future, switching to other batteries, such as solid-state batteries, which are generally favored by the industry, may be a better way out. at present, solid-state batteries and graphene batteries are in the transition stage, that is, solid-state electrolytes and graphene are only "additives". "For example, adding solid electrolyte to lithium-ion battery to increase energy density and improve safety; adding graphene to negative electrode to enhance conductivity and improve charging speed. The more the two are added, the better the performance will be, but the corresponding process difficulty and manufacturing cost will also be higher. " Feng xuning said. Obviously, no matter solid-state battery or graphene battery, there is no possibility of mass production at this stage. Tesla's triathlon: battery making, fast charging and power pile building. "the range corresponds to the energy density of the battery, and the charging speed corresponds to the power density of the battery." Feng xuning said, "if you want to improve the energy density, you can make the electrode thicker. If you want to improve the power density, you can make the electrode thinner. However, the two are contradictory. Therefore, battery manufacturers need to consider comprehensively in the process of designing batteries and make trade-offs." He added. "battery manufacturers and car companies are responsible for half of the fast charging technology." Feng xuning said. What battery manufacturers can do is "battery innate" strong conductivity, such as adding conductive agent, controlling cell preload, making electrode into gradient electrode or thin electrode, etc.; what automobile enterprises can do is "battery acquired" control the current in the charging process, so that the battery charging process does not overheat, do not damage the electrode material. "At present, the industry's goal is to run 200 kilometers in five minutes." He said. Tesla's fast charging technology is leading in the industry. It adopts the "high power DC" mode, and its charging power is more than 40kW. For example, Tesla super charging station can realize half charging in 30 minutes and full charging in 80 minutes. In terms of charging station / pile construction, Tesla is in the forefront of the world. According to statistics, Tesla has more than 20000 super charging piles around the world. Chinese mainland has over 750 super charging stations and over 6000 super charging piles covering over 300 city. about the pollution problem of waste batteries eliminated from electric vehicles. Feng xuning said, "waste batteries are the source of pollution, mainly referring to heavy metal pollution, such as lead in lead-acid batteries and cadmium in nickel cadmium batteries. The toxicity of raw materials in lithium-ion batteries is low (cobalt in lithium-ion batteries accounts for about 1-3%), and generally will not cause heavy metal residues in soil." figure | Tesla battery recycling (source: Tesla) musk also said publicly on "battery day" in 2020: "waste batteries can be recycled for low configuration vehicles or solar energy and other areas with energy storage demand, which can further reduce the cost of batteries." In this regard, Feng xuning said: "battery recycling is generally divided into two categories. One is to continue to use under low load after being used up under high load, such as some 5g batteries The communication base station can make use of the old batteries discarded by electric vehicles; the other is to directly scrap them, break them into raw materials by physical methods, separate the useful metals in the batteries, such as copper, aluminum, cobalt, nickel, etc., and then send them back to the battery factory for processing into batteries. In this regard, the recovery efficiency is very high, close to 100%. " At the same time, Wu fan also pointed out some problems existing in the battery recycling industry at the present stage: "first, there are many battery manufacturers and their use is very scattered, and the waste battery collection lacks effective channels; second, it is difficult to evaluate the remaining life of the battery and the recycling price; third, it is difficult to disassemble the battery, and there are certain security risks; fourth, there are many industries involved in battery recycling, and there are many business models It needs further exploration and improvement. " from hardware research and development to software layout, Tesla is playing the next big game in the past, people's cognition of traditional fuel vehicles only stayed at the "hardware" level, thinking that the car is just a means of transportation. In today's era of new energy vehicles, people find that the original car can also be equipped with an operating system, which can achieve intelligent. figure | Tesla (source: pixabay) in the hardware of electric vehicles, battery is undoubtedly the most core part; in the software, automatic driving is the core, for example, Tesla's FSD (full self driving) exists like a benchmark in the industry, and the charge is expensive. It is understood that the current price of Tesla FSD suite in China is as high as 64000 yuan. "Tesla's business layout will become more and more like Apple's. in the future, Tesla may become a service provider, not only selling car hardware, but also making profits through software services." A senior person in the industry told deeptech. from electric vehicle hardware to on-board system software, from battery technology, vehicle assembly, to FSD and software ecology, it is not difficult to see that Tesla is playing a big game.

2023-03-22 10:04:29

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