Wechat scan QR code < / P > < p > to share with friends and circle of friends_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E5%8F%B0%E7%A7%AF%E7%94%B5 "> TSMC < / a > said that for global < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6 "> auto < / a > industry will readjust its wafer production capacity and speed up the production of key auto products through the wafer factory, giving priority to the < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87 "> chip < / a > supply challenge. < / P > < p > < b > related reading: < / b > < / P > < p > < / P > < p > < b > is hard to find! The lack of core is spreading all over the world, and the annual automobile production may decrease by 4.5 million < / b > < / P > < p > 21 Qian Boyan, financial app Frankfurt < / P > < p > all production line employees are forced to take unpaid leave, and 60% to 67% of the wage gap is covered by government funding - a policy tool known as short-term working system is regarded by Europeans as an effective solution to avoid mass unemployment while meeting epidemic prevention regulations, even if it will greatly increase the fiscal deficit. < / P > < p > since the middle of January, the short-term working system, which once made the headlines in the spring of last year, has been put on the table again by major vehicle enterprises in Europe and the United States. Good writings make people copy them. But this is not because of COVID-19, but because of the chip < / a >. On January 15, Daimler group, the parent company of Mercedes Benz, announced that it had to reintroduce the short-term working system in the Rastatt plant, which is responsible for the production of compact models, due to the chip outage. All 6500 employees in the plant were affected. Three days later, on January 18, the Bremen factory, which produces Mercedes Benz C-class, SLK and GLC, immediately announced the cancellation of part of the night shift and applied for short-term jobs for 12500 production line employees. After February 1, Bremen also plans to adjust its production schedule to a four-day week, and all Monday shifts are expected to be cancelled. < / P > < p > although Bremen, which has an annual production capacity of 400000 vehicles, has always been Daimler's largest production base in Germany, it does not affect Daimler's decision to abandon the car under the background of the interruption of chip supply, and give priority to the limited chip supply to hindfengen plant in Stuttgart and Tuscaloosa plant in the United States. After all, Mercedes Benz S-class and gle produced by the two factories can bring higher profit margins for the group. The only exception is that the pure electric EQ series, which Daimler has placed high hopes on, will also receive priority supply of chips. < / P > < p > as for Volkswagen Group, Europe's largest auto company, there was a shortage of car chips during Christmas. Volkswagen announced on January 15 that it would close its Emden plant in Germany for two weeks, forcing more than 9000 employees to switch to short-term work. During this period, the plant will lose at least 10000 Passats. The Wolfsburg factories in Volkswagen headquarters, including golf 8, Tiguan and touan, have also been affected to varying degrees. Wolfsburg has confirmed that it is expected to shut down for a total of four days during January. Klaus zellmer, VW's sales director, said recently that VW's global production in 2021 may be reduced by 100000 vehicles due to chip problems. < / P > < p > Audi, a high-end brand owned by Volkswagen, is also hard to be independent. On January 14, Audi also announced that it had applied for short-term jobs for nearly 10000 employees, which will last until the end of January. According to the 21st Century Business Herald, Audi's two A4 and A5 production lines in ingostadt have been shut down for two weeks since January 15. Skoda, which has achieved sales growth against the trend in 2020, has to announce a reduction in the output of mlada Boleslav near Prague. < / P > < p > similar to Daimler, Volkswagen also chooses the model priority with the first profit margin under the background of chip shortage, so as to ensure that the limited chips can give priority to the supply of high profit models and electric models. Oliver Blume, chief executive of Porsche and a member of the board of directors of the Volkswagen Group, said that priority has been given to the supply of chips for its models, and that the enyaq, a new all electric SUV launched by Skoda, will also not be affected by the shortage of chips. < / P > < p > even in the US market, which is good at designing and manufacturing chips, the situation of the big three in Detroit is not optimistic. On January 19, Biden, who is still theoretically the president-elect, received a joint letter from GM, Ford and Fiat Chrysler, hoping that the new US government can help the US_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E6%B1%BD%E8%BD%A6 "Style =" box sizing: inherit; color: rgb (0, 140, 210); text decoration: none; "> automobile < / a > industry solves the problem of chip shortage. AAPC, a lobbying organization representing the interests of the three major auto companies, called on the US Department of Commerce and the White House to exert political pressure on East Asian countries to ensure that US auto companies can give priority to the supply of in car chips. < / P > < p > before that, Ford had already announced that it would shut down Saarlouis for five weeks, and it did not consider resuming work until February 19; Ford's Louisville factory in Kentucky was also forced to shut down, and a number of models such as pterygos and Lincoln adventurers were affected. Fiat Chrysler also announced the suspension of production shifts at two factories in Canada's Brampton and Mexico's turuca. Jeep guider and Dodge brand will face delivery difficulties. < / P > < p > in addition to European and American car companies, Japanese car companies are also seriously affected by the shortage of car chips. < / P > < p > Toyota and Subaru have previously announced production cuts at their San Antonio and Indiana plants. Honda also announced that it will adjust the production plans of the Ohio and Alabama factories in the United States, and the best-selling models including accord and civic will be affected. In addition, Honda's Swinton plant in the UK was shut down for four days in January. Even in Japan, < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E6%97%A5%E4%BA%A7 "Style =" box sizing: inherit; color: rgb (0, 140, 210); text decoration: none; "> Nissan < / a > recently announced that it will reduce the production of note production base in Kanagawa Prefecture. Although Nissan did notAccording to Nikkei news, Kanagawa's production forecast for January has been reduced from 15000 to 5000. Toyota also announced a week ago that the production base in Sanzhong county will reduce production by at least 4000 vehicles. < / P > < p > for Japanese auto companies, in addition to the global supply gap of in vehicle chips, the fire at Asahi chemical Microelectronics Co., Ltd., which is responsible for chip upstream business, broke the domestic chip industry chain temporarily last October. < / P > < p > according to Bernstein consulting, the global shortage of automotive chips in 2021 will cause a loss of 2-4.5 million vehicles, which is equivalent to nearly 5% of the annual global automobile production in the past decade. Inverto, a think tank of Boston Consulting, also predicts that the impact of the shortage of auto chips on the auto industry will continue for half a year or even three quarters. < / P > < p > the forecast has also been confirmed by continental, the world's second largest component company. In a recent announcement, Continental group said that "< a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E5%8D%8A%E5%AF%BC%E4%BD%93 "Style =" box sizing: inherit; color: rgb (0, 140, 210); text decoration: none; "> semiconductor < / a > capacity bottleneck may continue throughout 2021. The mainland has been working all night at the board level, and requested (vehicle enterprises) to adjust production plan or product portfolio in time.". Bosch, the world's largest component company, acknowledged that it was also affected by the shortage of chips, but declined to give more details. < / P > < p > the medium-sized suppliers represented by Hella electronics can not be alone. Rolf Breidenbach, chief executive of Hella electronics, admitted at the semiannual news conference a week ago that "Hella is now using the stop and go production rhythm to deal with the chip crisis". < / P > < p > < strong style = "box sizing: inherit; font style: normal;" > battle: car or consumer electronics?

in fact, the worldwide shortage of vehicle chips can be traced back to the first wave of COVID-19 that broke out in the spring of 2020. < / P > < p > especially after the introduction of strict anti epidemic measures in most European and American developed economies in April last year, the car market in European and American countries without exception ushered in a cliff like decline in sales. Too pessimistic expectations make most parts companies adjust production plans and raw material purchasing volume aggressively, which also makes the semiconductor manufacturers, especially the wafer manufacturers, not reserve abundant production capacity for the automobile industry. < / P > < p > with the lifting of the blockade measures last summer, the rapid rebound of global automobile sales exceeded the expectation of most enterprises, and the unprepared parts enterprises had to urgently add orders to the upstream enterprises again. However, as the semiconductor industry chain is as complex as the automobile industry chain and highly dispersed in the world, it will take at least six to nine months for the upstream enterprises to catch up with the changes in the demand side. < / P > < p > this phenomenon is particularly obvious in the Chinese market where the epidemic situation is well controlled and the car market takes the lead in recovery. According to the report of 21st century business reporter on December 8 last year, at that time, some factories and individual models of FAW Volkswagen and SAIC Volkswagen had adjusted their production plans, reduced production shifts or suspended production in a short time. In December last year, Dr. Feng Sihan, chief executive officer of Volkswagen Group in China, told German business daily that Volkswagen's production in China in that month was reduced by 50000 vehicles due to chip problems. < / P > < p > as the world's largest car chip < a target = "_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E7%94%9F%E4%BA%A7%E5%95%86 "Style =" box sizing: inherit; color: rgb (0, 140, 210); text decoration: none; "> manufacturer < / a >, < a target ="_ blank" href=" https://news.163.com/news/search?keyword=%E8%8B%B1%E9%A3%9E%E5%87%8C "> Infineon < / a > and NXP began to increase their production capacity substantially since last summer. However, due to the capacity constraints of the more upstream fabs, which are represented by TSMC, liandian and grofonder, the production increase of Infineon and NXP can not fill the gap of global car chips. < / P > < p > Kurt sievers, chief executive of NXP, said at the beginning of the year: "the growth of orders is much faster than we expected. Some customers' orders are placed too late, so we can't guarantee timely supply in some areas.". < / P > < p > in addition to the automobile parts enterprises' misjudgment of the automobile market during the epidemic period, the crowding out effect of the booming consumer electronics industry on the automobile industry is also one of the important factors that make it difficult to obtain vehicle chips. < / P > < p > on the one hand, during the period of the epidemic blockade, the demand for consumer electronics products increased significantly, especially the demand for PC equipment brought by home office and the gradual popularization of 5g technology, which together led to consumer electronics manufacturers to place large-scale additional orders in upstream enterprises in advance. According to Gartner's data, PC equipment shipments increased by more than 10% in the fourth quarter of last year, and the total revenue of the semiconductor industry increased by 7%. When the first wave of the epidemic broke out, Gartner predicted that the annual revenue would shrink by 1%. < / P > < p > on the other hand, for most semiconductor upstream enterprises, car chips are not attractive either in terms of revenue or profit margin. According to the statistics of the German electronics industry association, only one tenth of the profits of the semiconductor industry come from automobile customers. Take TSMC, the global leader of semiconductor production capacity, for example, the revenue from auto customers is less than 5%, and apple 12, which was listed last autumn and winter, is the cash cow of TSMC TV to ensure the healthy development of the company. < / P > < p > in addition, compared with consumer electronic products, the longer R & D and life cycle of automotive products and the more cost sensitive characteristics make the old equipment and technology used by in vehicle chips unpopular with upstream enterprises. < / P > < p > at present, the vast majority of car chips, including MCU, power semiconductor and ASIC, use old 8-inch wafers. In the field of consumer electronics, since 2008, the pressure of the financial crisis and the outbreak of mobile Internet have prompted upstream enterprises to invest in more advanced 12 inch wafers. < p > < p > as of 2019, according to the statistics of semi, 12 inch silicon wafers have accounted for 67% of the total wafer shipment. Leading wafer companies, including TSMC, Samsung and grofonder, have completed the process of replacing birds with empty cages during this period. At the same time, the number of 8-inch wafer production lines has decreased by more than 40% in a decade. In contrast to the rapid replacement of 8-inch wafers by 12 inch wafers on the supply side, there is still a strong demand for the old 8-inch wafers in traditional industries, automobiles and communications, including power management, power devices and even industrial cloud edge computing. < / P > < p > in addition, 8-inch wafer production equipment has completed Book depreciation, which makes 8-inch wafer have obvious cost advantages. With the increase and decrease, after the autumn of 2017, the 8-inch wafer market has been in short supply for a long time. < / P > < p > another manifestation of the competition between consumer electronics and automobile enterprises for semiconductor production capacity is the recent mutual prevarication between chip manufacturers and automobile enterprises. Auto companies accuse chip manufacturers of giving priority to the supply of consumer electronics for profit, while chip manufacturers accuse auto companies of not placing orders in time, and emphasize that auto companies can not expect them to play a role similar to that in the automotive industry chain. < / P > < p > in addition to the inherent industrial structure, for us auto companies, the former US president's China policy is also one of the important reasons for the panic of the big three chips in Detroit. < / P > < p > since the US government announced in September last year that it would ban Huawei from using chips with us technology, Huawei has been the first to buy chips in large quantities before the ban came into effect. Other smartphone manufacturers, such as Samsung, expect Huawei to lose a lot of overseas market share after it fails to pre install the Google family bucket, and to seize the opportunity to seize the market, they have also increased the purchase volume of chips. All of these make the crowding out effect of the consumer electronics industry for the automotive industry in the chip field more obvious. In addition, as SMIC international, another chip manufacturer, was blacklisted by the former US government, some US parts companies also reduced their orders to buy car chips from China in order to avoid legal risks. < / P > < p > < / P > < p > (author: Qian Boyan, editor: Zhang ruosi) < / P > < p >